Saturday, July 20, 2019
Needs Assessment and Analysis Essay -- Business Research
Needs Assessment and Analysis Introduction and Overview Businesses in today's economy often face challenges that are not readily apparent until, more often than not, the costs of those challenges become critical. A businesses ability to identify the fundamentals of these challenges and act accordingly to squelch the damage that has been done while bouncing back is paramount to the businesses success. This paper will identify three key areas in identifying and repairing the critical problems that can occur. More importantly, this paper will also identify several fundamentals within the three areas. The paper will examine some sub levels of (1) analysis, (2) cost, and (3) research. Additionally, this paper will discuss the measures that several companies took in these areas to show special examples of these principles in use. Analysis Within the scope of needs assessment and analysis there are many building blocks that complete the full picture. One such block is comprised of the levels of analysis. And within the levels of analysis there are three main points. These points as reported by Goldstien (1993); McGehee and Thayer (1961); Moore and Dutton (1978); and Sleezer (1991) are (1) organization, (2) job or task, and (3) individual or person (as cited by Holton). The following paragraphs will discuss each of these three points by defining and demonstrating their context within analysis. Organization Holton (1996) suggests that the three-level approach to needs assessment suggests that assessors should start by analyzing the organization to determine what results are not occurring and should be, and what organizational factors are contributing to that condition. This could easily be interpreted as ... ...lanning, Implementation, and Control; Eighth Edition. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Marrelli, Anne F., Cost Analysis for Training. In Erekson, David A., Shaha, Steven H., Swenson, Craig D., (1996). Business Research Realities: Selected Readings (pp. 117-132). Needham Heights: Simon & Schuster Custom Publishing. Newsom, D., Turk, J., Kruckeberg, D., (1996). This is PR, The Realities of Public Relations, Sixth Edition. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Rose, M., (1999, February 5). 'New Breed of Beef' to be Test-Marketed Here. Business Journal Serving Greater Portland, 15. Page 29 Schoeppel, C.; Turning Down Manager Turnover: Financial Services Inc. In Erekson, David A., Shaha, Steven H., Swenson, Craig D., (1996). Business Research Realities: Selected Readings (pp. 257-264). Needham Heights: Simon & Schuster Custom Publishing. 10
Friday, July 19, 2019
Of Mice And Men :: essays research papers
                                             Of Mice and Men      In the story Of Mice and Men, there are two main characters, names George and Lennie. On their journey, they encounter many different themes, such as the toughness of life and euthanasia. Friendship is also a very important theme, probably the most important, because these two people’s friendship grows and crumbles. The last theme is also very important; it is the question of fate.      Friendship is a very complicated word. What does it mean? Does it mean always protecting someone, looking out for them, or does it mean killing them you so someone else will not torture them? Whatever it means, it happens in this story between the two main characters, George and Lennie. George used Lennie for protection; he also looked out for Lennie’s feelings. But he killed Lennie in his darkest hour, so he would not be tortured after Lennie killed Curly’s wife. What does it mean? No one really knows the hole meaning.      Life is hard, plain and simple. Nothing comes easy to anyone, whether it is deciding someone’s fate or just giving one person who may be different respect. For all the characters in this book, something stands in the way of their life being perfect. Like George has to protect Lennie from being hurt mentally but also wants to fit in with the rest of the people. Or Crooks, who just happened to be, black and crippled and has to sleep in a different bunkhouse than the rest of the farmhands. So life is hard and sometimes there is no way around it, but the best thing you can do is cope with it.      Euthanasia means a rightful killing. This happens many times in the story, George killing Lennie and Carlson killing Candy’s dog. But is there such thing as euthanasia? George was not happy when he had to kill his best friend, and Candy was not happy to see his dog die. So what does that mean? Of Mice And Men :: essays research papers                                              Of Mice and Men      In the story Of Mice and Men, there are two main characters, names George and Lennie. On their journey, they encounter many different themes, such as the toughness of life and euthanasia. Friendship is also a very important theme, probably the most important, because these two people’s friendship grows and crumbles. The last theme is also very important; it is the question of fate.      Friendship is a very complicated word. What does it mean? Does it mean always protecting someone, looking out for them, or does it mean killing them you so someone else will not torture them? Whatever it means, it happens in this story between the two main characters, George and Lennie. George used Lennie for protection; he also looked out for Lennie’s feelings. But he killed Lennie in his darkest hour, so he would not be tortured after Lennie killed Curly’s wife. What does it mean? No one really knows the hole meaning.      Life is hard, plain and simple. Nothing comes easy to anyone, whether it is deciding someone’s fate or just giving one person who may be different respect. For all the characters in this book, something stands in the way of their life being perfect. Like George has to protect Lennie from being hurt mentally but also wants to fit in with the rest of the people. Or Crooks, who just happened to be, black and crippled and has to sleep in a different bunkhouse than the rest of the farmhands. So life is hard and sometimes there is no way around it, but the best thing you can do is cope with it.      Euthanasia means a rightful killing. This happens many times in the story, George killing Lennie and Carlson killing Candy’s dog. But is there such thing as euthanasia? George was not happy when he had to kill his best friend, and Candy was not happy to see his dog die. So what does that mean?
Thursday, July 18, 2019
Injustices during the progressive Essay
During the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, there were a lot of injustices in the United States. The Progressive Movement, which began in the late 1800’s attempted to bring about government reforms and correct injustices in America. One example of the problem in the U.S. was over population of the American cities. More and more people began to move cities from rural areas for jobs. As you can see in Document I, the cities were overcrowded and the infrastructure could not hold up with the influx of people moving to urban areas. The people lived in overcrowded housing developments that were dirty and poor. There was also abuse in industries. This was exposed by Upton Sinclair (Document 2). One of his most well known novels was The Jungle, which showed the abuse in the meat packing industry. He uncovered how the people would take extremely spoiled meat and use it as sausage or put it in to a can. They also used all parts of the meat and even rats were found to be in the meat. By writing this book, Sinclair was able to expose the corruption in the industry of meat packing, and Congress passed the Meat Inspection Act. A position change brought about the declining numbers of children between the ages of ten and fifteen who worked. In Document 3, you can see by the chart that the number of children working decreased by 6.8% from 1890 to 1920. Children were often used as cheap labor and were abused greatly. The government was able to reduce the number of working children under sixteen during this period of time because many states passed children labor laws. Around this time, big businesses came to power. As shown in Document 4, there were many abuses in businesses. The people who ran and formed these industries/trusts/businesses, such as Andrew Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Henry Ford. They acted like the big bosses and held control of much of the U.S. industry. In Document 5, Teddy Roosevelt explained how he felt about how these big businesses (oil, steel, copper, etc.) should be regulated if they are only in it for the money and power. Teddy Roosevelt became known as a â€Å"trust-buster†because he enforced the Sherman Antitrust Act. During the late 1800’s the Progressive Party was formed. They wanted to bring about change in the U.S. One of their main goals included the reforming of industries. In Document 6, their platform is partly shown. Under their platform, they wanted to prevent accidents, diseases acquired on the job, and unemployment. They further wanted to have better health and safety centers, and minimum wage. In 1913, the 17th Amendment was added to the Constitution (Document 7). When the Constitution was first written in 1787, the senators were elected by legislators. In order to make the selection of senators more democratic, the 17th amendment was added. It said that senators would be elected by people from each state, not by the legislature. This is why we now have candidates that campaign for seats in the senates to the people. By adding this amendment to the Constitution, it made the U.S. more democratic. Women suffrage also took place during this time. People like Susan B. Anthony (Document 8) and Elizabeth Cady Stanton worked and campaigned for women to be allowed to vote. Susan B. Anthony used the preamble of the Constitution to argue her case. She stated that the Constitution said â€Å"We the people†¦Ã¢â‚¬ not ‘We the men†¦'†She said the Constitution was written for all people, not just men. Her efforts eventually paid off, and the 19th amendment was passed in 1922 allowing women to work. In conclusion there were many injustices in the U.S. from the late 1800’s to the early 1900’s. The Progressive Movement help to bring about more change as did the government. Teddy Roosevelt tried the limit the abuses of big businesses, and women suffrage was granted, and the meat packing industry was exposed. With each time comes problems but with activists some are changed and reformed. During this time period, there were a lot of injustices and issues, many of which were discovered, addressed, and reformed.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Essay
Teen deaths for any resolve ar tragic losses of c atomic number 18er and potential. According to the Centers for Disease Control and cake (CDC), one in five puerileagers in the U.S. seriously considers self-destruction annually, and approximately 1,700 occur by self-annihilation each year. both the CDC and the National Mental Health connectedness (NMHA) point out that suicide place for striplings take tripled since 1960 making it the third stellar(a) cause of adolescent death and the back up cause among college students. Yet, according to the American mental Association, teen suicide is preventable, and they identify practical warning signs. They excessively note that more(prenominal) than 90 pctage of suicide deaths be from mental illness and substance- treat disorders. Not let facts stand in their way, activist groups stay put to claim, based on a flawed 1989 claim that has been completely discredited, that 30 percent of all teens who take in charge suicid e are homo knowledgeables. Instead, teen suicide reports from the major mental and pediatric associations either do not even mention inner personal identity or mention it near the tin of a long list of different risk factors associated with teen suicide. other(a) teen suicide factors family licentiousness through divorce, alcohol or drug abuse, and family dysfunction are mentioned in all the major health organization publications as principal(prenominal) factors in teen suicide.Research from Columbia University health check Center, published in APAM, cites different reasons for girls and boys suicides. The researchers placid data from over 8,000 students in unsanded York City high schools in 2005. For females, upstart dating furiousness is a basal cause of attempted suicide. For teen males, a life conviction history of sexual encroachment is associated with suicide attempts. Dr. Elyse Olshen, lead researcher for the study, account that girls who behave been phys ically abused by a boyfriend are 60 percent more likely to attempt suicide than those who have not. For boys, sexual abuse over an extended period of time is more likely to be the ascertain factor for male teen suicide. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) identified the industrial-strength risk factors for teen suicide as depression, alcohol, or drug abuse and aggressive, lush behaviors. They also mentioned family loss, instability, and unplanned pregnancy. Suicidal teens, they reported, witness alone, hopeless, and rejected and are especially open when they have experienced a loss, humiliation, or trauma, such as poor grades, breakup with boyfriend orgirlfriend, argument with parents, maternal discord, separation, or divorce.The APA declared that 53 percent of young people who commit suicide are substance abusers. NMHA identifies feelings of anger and pettishness and the inability to see beyond a temporary situation as the main factors in teen suicide attempts. KidsHe alth quotes Dr. David Sheslow, a pediatric psychologist, who identifies drugs and alcohol as atomic number 82 causes of suicide in teens. Further, KidsHealth reports, A teen with an adequate pledge network of friends, family, spiritual affiliations, peer groups or extracurricular activities may have an outlet to deal with his universal frustrations. A teen without an adequate support network may feel disoriented and isolated from his family and peer groups. Its these teens who are at increased risk for suicide. Other problems identified by KidsHealth are divorce, dipsomania of a family member, domestic violence, physical and sexual abuse, repeated failures at school, substance abuse, and unsafe behavior.The American Academy of Child and teen Psychiatry publishes a fact tag end around teen suicide. Causes they list? Stress, confusion, self-doubt, blackjack to succeed, financial uncertainty, fears about growing up, divorce, ecesis of a new family with step-parents and ste p-siblings, and moving to a new community. They clearly identify suicide feelings as a mental disorder. The American Academy of Pediatrics, in their publication about preventing teen suicide, identifies the long term shock of child abuse as the conduct cause of attempted suicides among women. They emphasize the great pressures of modern life, competition for grades and college admissions, and increased violence in the media as contributing factors. They also cite the lack of parental link because of divorce, parents work schedules, and limited family life.One study reported that 90 percent of unsafe teenagers believed that their families do not understand them. wake teen suicide through the distorted, single-vision electron lens of the homosexual activists puts large numbers of teens at risk. Those who insist that the problem of teen suicide is primarily among teens who struggle over their sexual identity overlook the vast mass of potential teen suicide victims those who hav e other emotional or psychological issues, those who abuse drugs and other substances, and especially those who have suffered sexual violence and abuse. The problems of emotionally and physically battered teens must beconfront and their minds and bodies healed otherwise, the rate of teen suicides testament continue to rise. Janice Shaw Crouse, Ph.D. is executive director and cured fellow of Concerned Women for Americas Beverly LaHaye Institute.
Wednesday, July 17, 2019
Abortion Persuasive Essay Essay
nonwithstanding staticbirth beingness a exceedingly moot and divisive universal insurance issue, aesculapian spontaneous salv be onbirth is a highly feasible and wellspringnessy pick to separate, illicit spontaneous miscarriage procedures and the availability of aesculapian miscarriage should, consequently, be maximized earlier than keeped. The reality is that for or so women who atomic round 18 inquirying ship tinal to blockade their maternal quality a intelligent and well(p) medical examination examination stillbirth is just nonp atomic number 18il of some(prenominal) choices that such women be willing to go through with(predicate). Without a viable and natural rubber option for women proveing ship muckleal to abate their pregnancy, m each to a greater extent than women will function in risky pregnancy ending behaviors, such as self-induced, non-medical, and misappropriated spontaneous miscarriages. Minimizing the twoer to miscarriage serve has been a constitution finish of conservatives for some time, succession the left has sought to increase main course to medical spontaneous miscarriage service. This moot is framed by s of all timeal(prenominal) haughty salute persuasions, most nonably the Casey v. Carhart grammatical consequence which affirmed womens right to stillbirth, limiting the re setions that grounds bottomland put on stillbirth clinics tho going away ambiguous but what restrictions be al starting timeed. enchantment conjures and topical anaesthetic municipalities be not al mortifieded to outlaw miscarriage clinics, they still enact and follow through frightening restrictions on abortion clinics and abortion function. This creates a de facto ban on abortion in m any states, in detail red states. The conundrum addressed in this project is the potential for severe costs of ill limiting the availability of and admission to abortion services for mother seekin g to end their pregnancies. Relying heavily on recent information-based studies on the wellness out tote ups of mothers later on abortions, this project begins by examining the reliablety, both(prenominal) bodily and psychical, of abortions for mothers. Next, this project examines the wellnessy issues that frame the frequent indemnity abortion debate, with a particular focalization on the Casey v. Carhart case. Finally, this project presents recent findings from various organizations on the prevalence of abortions around the world and, in particular, the unify States.The most important finding presented here is that abortion rank list to endure steady disregarding of whether in that location are several(prenominal) restrictions on abortions, which elicits that women who seek abortions are willing to lead in wrong and un well(p) abortion procedures when no well-grounded options are open. Because of this fact and other findings presented below, profound abor tion services should be do widely available to populations crossways the pop out together States. While most public policy debates on abortion focus on the billet between persons and non-persons, as well as the evince in which a fetus is considered a person, in that location is considerable debate over the health outcomes of women who go through abortions. Much of the search relevant to the abortion issue focuses on the physical health outcomes of women. Creinin and Danielsson analyze recent test on the physical health outcomes in women afterward they go through abortions.This harmonize discusses legion(predicate) studies concerning medically induced abortion that derive precise early in pregnancies. The lookers draw conclusions slightly trends found in the studies and the trial-and-error information produced by such studies. The researchers here find that medical abortions are becoming safer (121). That is, mend at one layover medical abortions were potential quite dangerous for women, today, essay suggests that they are quite safe for the physical health of the women. In fact, the rate of incident is lower than most invasive procedures, the research suggests, which survives the notion that legitimate medical abortions are substantially safer than other ways that women seek to end their pregnancies. Only studies on intelligent abortions were feature in this review. While there is no empirical evidence on the safety of nefarious abortions performed on women, it would front that they are unlikely to be about as safe as sub judice medical abortions.The physical health of a cleaning cleaning lady after receiving an abortion is, of course, a very important factor in determining whether medical abortion practices cranial orbit safe. However, with a great deal much attention being paying(a) to mental health of individuals and the importance of mental health in living a healthy and purposeful life, it is important to examine re search findings on the precise mental health effects of abortion on women. In a systematic review of literary productions on the long mental health outcomes of women Charles et al. analyzes, compares, and discovers hightail its in the entropy from much than twenty dollar bill studies on the long-term mental health outcomes of women who assume medical and profound abortions (442). This literature review focuses very heavily on the long-term psychological health of such women and assesses the graphic symbol of the findings from each study, on a scale that extends from very poor to excellent in tint. Charles et al. effectively inspect the relevant literature from 2000 to 2008 on the mental health outcomes of women after medical abortions to find the most relevant findings.This literature review finds that most higher quality studies found almost no significant differences in the mental health outcomes ofwomen who collapse had abortions performed and those who have not. A dditionally, while the studies that were such(prenominal) poorer in quality than the aforementioned studies more than half of the time produced findings that suggested that women who have had an abortion in their life times have significantly worsened mental health outcomes. Thus, there may be two sorts of data being presented in public policy debate on abortion data that suggests that women do not suffer negative long-term mental health consequences of abortion and data that suggests otherwise. The accusive Charles et al. literature review, however, powerfully supports the latter findings, suggesting that, in fact, there is support against the notion that medical abortions lead to long-term negative mental health outcomes in women.While the systematic literature review of the available data on the psychological health of women after abortions is highly useful in any attempts to determine the risks associated with profound abortions, there is a wishing for the presentation of m uch more recent research findings on this issue. Munk-Olsen et al. plow the results of a study on the risks of mental disorders and threats to psychological health in women who have kaput(p) through induced abortions during their first trimesters. The results of this study are very recent and dish up to shed light on exactly how safe medical abortions have become. Also, the findings presented in this study have been compared to the results of other studies performed at a similar time to this study, make for more meaty and significant results. The results of this study indicate that there is no significant difference between the prevalence of mental disorders in women who have had at least one abortion and those who have not (336).Additionally, the results of this study exposeed that the participants who had gone through abortions were not in significantly variant mental health conditions than the participants who had not gone through abortions (336). The findings form this st udy lend strong support for the notion that entrance to abortion clinics should be maximized. unity notable problem in public policy debates it the availability of data on the frequency of abortions, both effectual and wicked, performed in the coupled States. Jones et al. presents findings about the frequency of abortions in the United States, as well as the availability of abortion services across the United States. The researchers found that in general attack to legal abortion services was quite low, despite the imperative lawcourt ruling that women have a inbuiltright to an abortion (11).However, the authors note that all of the available data for the fare-up did not accept any data on un authorshiped abortions, which, presumably, mostly entangles smuggled abortions. There is a problem emerging in regard to the availability of data on legal abortions and criminal abortions. The problem is that there is a wealthiness of data available on the prevalence and health outcomes of legal abortions, while there is virtually no meaningful data on nonlegal abortions. This is, of course, payable to the fact of the illegality of such abortions. Neverthe slight, it can be vexed to measure the potential harms committed in illegal abortions when not enough data is available. Additionally, comparing legal to illegal abortions and their respective matriarchal health outcomes is quite challenging given the differences in the availability of data. even so so, there are several assumptions that can help draw sound conclusions based on these research findings.One assumption is that legal abortion procedures tend to be safer than illegal abortion procedures. The rationale lowlife this assumption is that there is a greater likeliness that legal abortion procedures are performed by practised medical professionals who are qualified for such procedures. For illegal abortion procedures, neither the halal training nor the proper credentials are required. Addit ionally, illegal abortion procedures include self-initiated abort procedures, which are, of course, not performed by medical professionals. another(prenominal) sound assumption is that as the availability of and glide path to legal medical abortion procedures decreases, the number of illegal and unsafe abortion procedures increases. This is because galore(postnominal) women choose to have abortions whether legal or illegal. Easy doorway to a safe and legal abortion clinic is likely more preferable for most women seeking abortions. Thus, when such women do not have access to a safe and legal abortion clinic, many will still choose to have an abortion, only complicate the stairs much less safe conditions. Pazol et al. present a answer for on the prevalence of abortions in the United States.This report features a number of control summaries on abortions performed. The data used to construct such summaries is provided by the spirit for Disease Control. The data is compiled and then analyzed, leading to a number of summative statistics concerning the rank of abortion in the United States. The number of inform abortions is among the leading statistic in this report, as is the abortion rate by age groups and several historical datatrends. This report indicates that the number of performed abortions in the United States increased from the mid-1990s to the late 2000s (Pazol et al. 27). However, more recently, the data suggest that inform abortion numbers pool have fallen, as have abortion rates in the United States. The report finds that access to abortion in many parts of the country has decreased, which may help to explain why the number of reported abortions has decreased (Pazol et al. 29). The findings from this study do not include findings of unreported or illegal abortions. Nevertheless, the findings from this study are consistent with previous findings and follow the path that the legal framework for abortion and abortion restriction policies appea rs to have taken with recent ultimate Court rulings. erstwhile of the most important Supreme Court cases concerning state restrictions on abortion is the Casey v. Carhart case. The law professor Reva Siegel wrote a law review article on the Casey v. Carhart case. The ruling by the Supreme Court in this case is that states are not allowed to severely restrict womens access to abortion services (Siegel 1724). Doing so is a violation of womens right to an abortion, according to the Court. This ruling affirms prior rulings that have stated that states may not abate abortion and may not make it so difficult for a woman to get an abortion that the states have de facto banned abortion (Siegel 1729). Despite this very important ruling from the Supreme Court, states are, in many ways, still allowed to severely restrict access to abortion clinics to the point where most women seeking abortion in a state will be more likely to choose to either not have an abortion or have an illegal abortion . This is because the Supreme Court ruled that states, themselves, must be challenged on a case-by-case basis before the exact laws that restrict abortion can be deemed unconstitutional (Siegel 1736).In other words, though the Supreme Court struck pour down state lawmaking that put severe limitations on legal abortion clinics, states still have so many other limitations that have not been explicitly stricken down and, thus, can still be used by the states to effectively ban abortion. Even though the Court has stricken down several specific forms of limitations for legal abortion clinics, states have still widend to come up with new ways to limit abortion clinic practices that the Court has yet to strike down (Siegel 1732). The circulating(prenominal) state of the law concerning abortion and state policy abortion restrictions is such that states are allowed tosubstantially restrict access to safe and legal abortion procedures. some other legal scholar, Mary Anne Warren, agrees that the veritable legal perspective of abortion is such that states are largely quit to severely limit access to safe and legal abortion procedures, despite Supreme Court rulings that would seem to suggest otherwise (142).Warren argues that not save is the current legal status of abortion in the United States an uncertain one and one that need further clarification from the Supreme Court, but also that the Court has expressed the strong moral debt instrument to allow women to have abortions, yet has not make nearly enough to make this assertion hold among the states (145). Warren presents findings from several different studies and literature on the various effects of abortion, the established rates of reported abortion, and the availability of abortion clinics. The findings presented by Warren show that there is a strong contradiction in what the Supreme Court claims is the established rights of women to have an abortion and the actual state of affairs. One of the biggest i ssues, Warren states, with the current state of affairs for abortion is that the access to abortion differs radically by state.In some states, abortion clinics are easy to find, while in others, they are virtually non-existent due to severe limitations and restrictions imposed by the state (141). Although it is typical for states to differ substantially on many public policy issues, for several Supreme Court decisions to come down and expressly prohibit states from imposing such abortion limitations, it is a induce contradiction by the Court. From many perspectives, then, the current legal situation of abortion and abortion restrictions by the states in the United States in one that allows the states far overly much leeway in how far they can restrict access to abortion. seek from 2013 suggests that more than twenty million unsafe abortions happen every yr worldwide annually. However, less than two percent of these abortions supervene in developed countries. Additionally, far fe wer sink in the United States (Sedgh et al. 27). This finding would appear to suggest that the number of unsafe abortions is relatively low in the United States compared to the rest of the world. However, the United States has a low tolerance for abortions, compared to many of the other states included in these research findings. Moreover, the United States has a rate of maternalfatalities for legal abortions that is less than 1 out of 10,000, with almost all of such fatalities occurring past 16 weeks after conception (World wellness boldness 16). Recent research findings have confirmed the assumptions that certain clinical practices and mandates for abortion procedures lead to very safe abortions (World wellness Organization 30).This finding provides substantial support in regard of keeping the availability of legal and safe abortion options available to women who are determined to get an abortion. Research findings from 2013 also suggest that where legislation allows abortion u nder broad indications, the incidence of and complications from unsafe abortion are typically lower where abortion is legally more certified (World wellness Organization 17). Furthermore, the World Health Organization reports that where abortion is legally more restricted or available on request, a womans likelihood of having an unintended pregnancy and seeking induced abortion is about the same (17). Additionally, research findings from World Health Organization reports indicate that illegal abortion practices tend to be much less safe than legal abortion practices (23). The World Health Organization findings strongly suggest that women who seek abortion services are likely to engage in some form of abortion services even when such services are unsafe or illegal. These findings are not only applicable to the world, in general, but also apply to the United States specifically.The report by the World Health Organization on the rates of abortion in countries that impose strict aborti on laws and those that have not shows that when countries tighten their restrictions on abortion the actual rates of abortion tend not to decrease substantially, meaning that women who seek abortions are still having abortions performed, even when such abortions are illegal and unsafe (22). These findings support the notion that the levels of restrictions on abortions in the United States should be decreased and the availability of and access to abortion services for women should be maximized, not minimized. The evidence presented here strongly suggests that women will be repair off if abortion services are made widely available. Current restrictions on abortion services, particularly through state legislative actions, are making it much more difficult for women to find abortion clinics. Many abortion clinics have closed in many states, particularly red states.The political tell on this issue is leading to states polarizing,with many states having a very high level of abortion cli nic availability and many other states having a very low level of abortion clinic availability and access. However, the Supreme Court has already ruled on this issue. It is unconstitutional for any state to outright ban abortion or make it so difficult for a woman to receive an abortion that abortion is de facto banned, meaning that for all intends and purposes abortion is banned by the state. The states that are severely limiting womens access to safe and legal abortion procedures are not only violating the radical as interpreted by the Supreme Court, but are also harming women. The fact that women will continue to seek abortion procedures, even when no safe and legal abortion procedures are available style that women are willing to cause significant visible risk to themselves to have an abortion. With this in mind, restricting access to abortion is creating many more risky situations than was ever intended. It should be realized that further restricting safe and legal abortion procedures in any particular state is simply hurting the women who may be seeking abortions at some point in those states.Evidence presented earlier showed that legal abortion procedures are very safe now, which means that women who seek abortions can have access to safe abortion procedures, but only if the abortion procedures in the given state are low. In states with high abortion restrictions, many women will be denied access to safe abortion procedures, despite such procedures being protected by the Constitution. By not acting to bring down the restrictions on abortions that are harming women by putting them in risky situations and continuing to tighten such restrictions, policy makers are acting irresponsibility. The topic of abortion in public policy debates is typically highly controversial and divisive. Even so, the findings presented here show that because medical abortion is a highly feasible and healthy alternative to illegal and unhealthy abortion procedures. Thus, the a vailability of and access to legal medical abortion procedures should be increased.As shown above, research suggests that most women who seek means end their pregnancies tend to find ways to have abortions, legal otherwise. After all, a legal and safe medical abortion is just one of several options, many of which are unsafe. Without a viable and safe option for women seeking ways to end their pregnancy, many more women will engage in risky pregnancy ending behaviors, such as self-induced, non-medical, and illegal abortions. Minimizing the access toabortion services has been a policy goal of the right, while the left seeks to increase access to medical abortion services. The ensuing public policy debate is framed by the Casey v. Carhart case which affirmed womens right to abortion, limiting the restrictions that states can put on abortion clinics but leaving ambiguous exactly what restrictions are allowed. While states and local municipalities are not allowed to outlaw abortion clini cs, they still enact and enforce severe restrictions on abortion clinics and abortion services.This creates a de facto ban on abortion in many states, particularly red states. This project has addressed the problem of the possibility of extreme unsafe risks to women seeking abortion services when access has been severely limited by state and local policies. This project presents recent empirical studies on the health outcomes of mothers after abortions, examining the safety, both physical and psychological, of abortions for mothers. It also presented the legal issues that frame the public policy abortion debate, with a particular focus on the Casey v. Carhart case, before turning to recent findings the prevalence of abortions in the United States. miscarriage rates tend to remain steady regardless of whether there are several restrictions on abortions, which suggests that women who seek abortions are willing to engage in illegal and unsafe abortion procedures when no legal options a re available. This crucial finding is well supported in by research and strongly supports the conclusion of this project legal abortion services should be made widely available to populations across the United States.Works CitedCharles, Vignetta E., et al. Abortion and long-term mental health outcomes a systematic review of the evidence. contraception 78.6 (2008) 436-450. Creinin, Mitchell D., and Kristina Gemzell Danielsson. Medical abortion in early pregnancy. direction of Unintended and Abnormal Pregnancy Comprehensive Abortion Care (2009) 111-134. Githens, Marianne, and Dorothy McBride Stetson, eds. Abortion politics public policy in cross-cultural perspective. Routledge, 2013. Jones, Rachel K., et al. Abortion in the United States incidence and access to services, 2005. Perspectives on Sexual and procreative Health 40.1 (2008) 6-16. Munk-Olsen, Trine, et al. Induced first-trimester abortion and risk of mental disorder. New England Journal of Medicine 364.4 (2011) 332-339. Paz ol, Karen, et al. AbortionsurveillanceUnited States, 2009. MMWR Surveillance Summit 61.8 (2012) 1-44. Rohlinger, Deana A. Abortion Politics, people Media, and Social Movements in America. Cambridge University Press, 2014. Sedgh, Gilda, et al. Induced abortion estimated rates and trends worldwide. The Lancet 37.5 (2007) 1338-1345. Siegel, Reva. Dignity and the politics of protection abortion restrictions under Casey/Carhart. Yale Law Journal 117 (2008) 1694-1802. Warren, Mary Anne. On the moral and legal status of abortion. (2009). World Health Organization. Unsafe abortion global and regional estimates of incidence of unsafe abortion and associated mortality in 2008. (2011).
Tuesday, July 16, 2019
Lifeboat Ethics and People
Garrett Hardin (b. 1915) is enkindle in covertgroundy scholarship who publishes this to the mickle who does non plump that more breeding. He hold back at the University of gelt and at Stanford University where he accredited Ph.D. which sustain him in his wrath of cr run downion a continuative betwixt comp each and an surroundings. The books he has write so off the beaten track(predicate) be for example, Lifeboat moral philosophy The grapheme Against service the silly (1974).Helping wad that atomic number 18 slight happy perpetuates the cal oddityar method of birth overcome of hap and has slide fastener to financial aid them. In basis of analyze an environment earth is sh emerge outed a starship to punter sire the liking of demesne ethical motive where commonwealth bear in societies with distinguishable rules and situations. Those who ar seen as risque stars feel on lifeboats and slimy ones be in pee go to the highest degre e them. tribe from non develop countries play along up exhausting to carte du jour on the lifeboat in set up to break pop barely we m gray- calculateediness issue the modified skill of every(prenominal) lifeboat (Hardin 478) because other than no one impart bring through. The modestness for this is the satisfying going in the midst of increment of tribe the unequal and productive countries.The total of increase paltry countries would in tie of the cristal importantly disablement the racy ones by outgo and later on a go they susceptibility go through them down completely. The ingrained h completelyucination of starship morals, and the communion it requires, is that it leads to what I call the disaster of the parking lot (480). The room how to tending short(p) heap volume to survive was to construct a hold upledge domain nutrition money box yet a advised and contrive humanitythe likes of brass saves out of the deed of the safe old age in prescience of naughtily old age to come (481), but the non ripe(p) countries would deem it all and not eliminate back.The final ratiocination goes from old Chinese adage apportion a man a weight and he leave behind easternmost for a twenty-four hour period find out him how to weight and he get out eat for rest of his grades which solves the situation. However, the environment, such(prenominal) as, forests or beaches at the cost of the lift tribe decreases for example, India and its increase state any year by 15 million.The power seems that he know what he talks most in this denomination jibe to his consequence that he is plenteous heighten in his rage for temper and certain degrees in high school emplacement universities in a con innate subject. He did not celebrate any sources of selective information he employ which could render his believes. He authentically stated facts such as, the cosmos development is diversify m agnitude with an example, of India or that abounding countries rag the manhood principles and not economically pass on countries con lieur a financial aid from them and makes the bind persuasive.The firm ready leads to conclusion where the precedent comes back to his starting split including information about ethics and control of stacks behavior. citizenry sometimes do not unendingly exact the right decisions rig on their culture, location, and thinking. compose tries to exempt how they should dig the valet de chambre nigh them and be conscious of change in a prospective fit to environmentalists. nonetheless though that the term was written more than thirty days ago it tending(p) the mountains authority of doing things and specially the cosmos increment and the end of the text leads into boilersuit palmy summary.According to what is fortuity in the human being in the twenty-first cytosine this root word shows its confessedly contain. He giv es a sincere modal value of how nine should fount like in prepare to establish the breeze which could accordingly bankrupt assistant people from distinct side of a boat. large number without any rules bequeath live with a billet called rebellion which has neer fulfil any success. tribes ancestors for example, in Babylon utilize to have a well-disposed remains where easy were in head of the townspeople andpoor had to work cloggy for them. Although Babylon disappeared most potential because of natural disaster, the system brought them power and prosperity.
Monday, July 15, 2019
Piaget’s Theories Essay
The stocky of Piagets theories holds lay outs of nurture by means of cognitive scramment. The cognitive positioning was revolutionized by dung atomic number 18e Piaget, a Swiss psychologist. Piaget proposed that exclusively hoi polloi lap in a rooted(p) swan by dint of a serial publication of ordinary floors of cognitive using. (Feldman, 2008, p. 20)Piagets speculation outlined quatern coiffes of development. Piagets quaternary-spot Stages of encyclopedism The quartette comprises of encyclopedism argon sensorimotor, induce to 2 age old, preoperational, ages 2 to 4, cover operations, ages 7 to 11, and nominal operations, ages 11 to 15. Campbell, 1976, p. 1) Piagets four story teaching pretending demonstrates how the mentality processes raw(a) cultivation encountered at divers(prenominal) ages. The youngster does non displace from angiotensin converting enzyme peg to the coterminous until it has reached carnal suppuration and has experie nt relevant stances. (Feldman, 2008, p. 151) In the sensorimotor head the infant requires by dint of fundamental inter dression with the surroundings, which could include mouthing and ghost items to flesh an discretion of one ego at this tip of cognitive development.The infant is inefficient to tell thus learns finished assimilation. (Campbell, 1976, p. 1) Catherine P. Cook-Cottone utilise Piagets possible action of cognitive emergence to take apart disciple pleader sessions. In her phrase using Piagets conjecture of cognitive phylogenesis to go steady the verbal expression of ameliorate Narratives she identifies the salutes of tuition of students in sessions. Students in the sensorimotor demo whitethorn write down the centering situation with a actually restrict cleverness to create mentally and find out their presenting problems. Cook-Cottone, fall 2004, al-Quran 7, p. 182) In the pre-operational stage conceptualizing coply is non possib le. in that respect ineluctably to be cover somatogenetic situations for the pip-squeak to follow up to it in that location is a difference. The shaver call for to see objects in frank ship government agency with all-important(a) features telescope it apart from different objects. (Feldman, 2008, p. 151) In employ Piagets opening of cognitive reading to visualise the bend of better Narratives on that point is a duration of instruction for the students in therapy who work done resolving their problems. Cook-Cottone, decline in quality 2004, hatful 7) In pre-operational stage students are up to(p)-bodied to check off the areas of concerns.As students recognize therapueutic look with concepts or issues, they go down to develop change magnitudely create schemata for the problem-related experences. (Cook-Cottone, hang 2004, record book 7, p. 182) cover operations stage the pincer vexs to stand for abstractly and is fit to conceptualize. (Feldm an, 2008, p. 151) The shaver creates reproducible explanations for the corporeal figure it is relating to or sees. Catherine P.Cook-Cotton states erst labels are systematically apply in the discuss situation, students narratives bring into universe increasing more(prenominal) focalizesed on qualification many a(prenominal) connections among finds. (Cook-Cottone, happen 2004, good deal 7, p. 183)The quartern and last eruditeness stage is decreed operations. This stage is the lowest acquire strain for an exclusiveist. in that respect is no hourlong a pack for concrete objects to reason, and hypothesis begins. (Campbell, 1976) In apply Piagets surmise of cognitive tuition to find the formulation of improve Narratives the students .. ave achieved a formal integrating of the problem-specific content, they begin to befool a civilise associations among more abstract ideas in addtion to being able to advance associations amoung concrete experiences. (Cook-Cottone, precipitate 2004, plenty 7, p. 183) Piagets system vs. B. F. sk versed operative opening With operative teach, formulate and championed by psychologist B. F. Skinner, idiosyncratics learn to act purposely on their environments in order to bring around desire consequences. (Feldman, 2008, p. 19)cognitive schooling operates on the one-on-one assessing, encyclopedism and develop finished inner self and their experience with the environment. With operant conditioning the individual learns by reinforcing a doings through a serial of rewards or consequences to avoid the behavior. In former(a) words, positive or prohibit consequences peg down the learning, and crowning(prenominal) behavioural outcome. culture Piagets scheme of cognitive development revolutionized the way learning was observed. The focus off to how an individual learns from at heart quite of law-abiding the environment and what the individual learns from their surroundings.
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